Question
Here is the question : THE GALáPAGOS HAVE TWO FLIGHTLESS BIRD SPECIES — A PENGUIN AND WHAT?
Option
Here is the option for the question :
- Finch
- Booby
- Owl
- Cormorant
The Answer:
And, the answer for the the question is :
Explanation:
There are 29 different species of cormorants that may be found across the globe. However, the only species that has ever evolved to the point where it is unable to fly is the one that is exclusive to the Galápagos Islands. They were able to develop the ability to swim rather than fly since there were no natural predators in their environment and there was an abundant supply of food. Their wing span is just about a third of what it would be for a conventional cormorant.
The Galápagos Islands, renowned for their remarkable biodiversity and their significant role in Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, are home to two flightless bird species that have captured the fascination of scientists and nature enthusiasts alike. While the Galápagos penguin is widely recognized as one of these flightless birds, the other species that shares this unique characteristic is the Galápagos cormorant. These avian inhabitants of the Galápagos archipelago have adapted to their island environment in fascinating ways, offering valuable insights into the process of evolution.
The Galápagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) is the only penguin species found in the Northern Hemisphere. With its sleek black and white plumage, this charismatic bird has become an iconic symbol of the Galápagos Islands. Unlike its counterparts in colder regions, the Galápagos penguin has adapted to the tropical climate of the islands. It is the smallest species of penguin, reaching an average height of just 49 centimeters (19 inches). Its wings, although modified for swimming, are not capable of supporting flight, rendering it flightless.
The Galápagos cormorant (Phalacrocorax harrisi), also known as the flightless cormorant or the Galápagos shag, is another unique bird species found exclusively in the Galápagos Islands. This cormorant species is the largest of its kind that cannot fly. It has a stocky build, dark brown plumage, and distinctive turquoise eyes that add to its allure. The wings of the Galápagos cormorant have become greatly reduced in size compared to other cormorant species, making them incapable of sustaining flight.
The flightlessness of the Galápagos penguin and the Galápagos cormorant can be attributed to the isolation of the Galápagos Islands and the absence of natural predators. With limited threats to their survival, these birds have undergone evolutionary changes that have favored their survival without the need for flight. Natural selection has led to the development of specific adaptations that enhance their swimming and diving abilities, allowing them to thrive in their marine environment.
The Galápagos Islands offer an abundance of marine resources that have shaped the feeding habits of these flightless birds. The Galápagos penguin primarily feeds on small fish, such as sardines and mullets, as well as crustaceans and squid. It is a skilled swimmer, using its wings as flippers to navigate the waters in search of prey. Similarly, the Galápagos cormorant has evolved specialized adaptations for capturing its preferred food source—fish. With its strong legs and webbed feet, it dives underwater to pursue its prey, relying on its streamlined body and powerful wings to propel itself through the water.
The flightless status of the Galápagos penguin and the Galápagos cormorant has also influenced their reproductive behaviors. Both species nest on land, with the Galápagos penguin utilizing natural cavities, volcanic