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WHICH PLANET IS KNOWN AS THE SWIFT PLANET?
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Mercury, the closest planet to the sun, is known as the Swift Planet due to its rapid speed and short orbital period. It takes just 88 Earth days for Mercury to complete one orbit around the sun, making it the fastest planet in our solar system.
Mercury’s rapid speed is due to its proximity to the sun, which exerts a strong gravitational pull on the planet. This pull causes Mercury to move faster in its orbit and also causes it to experience strong tidal forces, which have caused the planet to become tidally locked with the sun, meaning that it rotates on its axis exactly three times for every two orbits around the sun.
Mercury’s fast orbit and close proximity to the sun also contribute to its extreme temperatures. During the day, temperatures on the planet’s surface can reach up to 800 degrees Fahrenheit (430 degrees Celsius), while at night, temperatures can drop to -290 degrees Fahrenheit (-180 degrees Celsius). Despite these extreme conditions, Mercury is still a fascinating object of study for astronomers and planetary scientists.
Over the years, numerous spacecraft have been sent to study Mercury and its unique properties. NASA’s Mariner 10 spacecraft, launched in 1973, was the first spacecraft to visit Mercury, and it completed three flybys of the planet, providing valuable data and images of its surface and environment.
More recently, NASA’s Messenger spacecraft orbited Mercury from 2011 to 2015, providing a wealth of new information about the planet’s geology, composition, and magnetic field. The European Space Agency’s BepiColombo mission, launched in 2018, is also currently en route to Mercury, where it will study the planet in even greater detail.
Mercury’s status as the Swift Planet and its unique properties make it an important object of study for astronomers and planetary scientists. As our understanding of the planet continues to grow, we are likely to gain new insights into the history and evolution of our solar system, and the processes that shape the planets that orbit our sun.